A 3-year-old male presents with enlarging anterior cervical lymph nodes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The most likely diagnosis of acute lymphadenitis in a 3-year-old male presenting with enlarging anterior cervical lymph nodes is supported by several factors. Acute lymphadenitis often occurs in children and is commonly caused by bacterial infections, particularly those involving the upper respiratory tract. The anterior cervical lymph nodes are frequently involved due to their proximity to such foci of infection.

In this age group, acute lymphadenitis is typically a result of infections such as bacterial pharyngitis, dental infections, or even systemic illnesses that manifest with lymphadenopathy. The sudden onset and localized swelling of the lymph nodes, often accompanied by tenderness, fever, and possible signs of a respiratory infection, align with the presentation of acute lymphadenitis.

While chronic lymphadenopathy may be considered, it usually involves more prolonged or persistent conditions that do not present so acutely or with rapidly enlarging nodes. Viral pharyngitis typically presents with more diffuse symptoms regarding the pharynx and would not localize at the anterior cervical lymph nodes to the same degree. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, while a consideration in children presenting with lymphadenopathy, is less common and would usually present with additional systemic symptoms, significant involvement of multiple lymph node regions, and a more indol