Delayed umbilical cord separation and severe periodontitis in a child could indicate which condition?

Delayed umbilical cord separation and severe periodontitis in a child can point towards leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). This condition is characterized by a defect in the ability of white blood cells to adhere to blood vessel walls, which impairs their migration to sites of infection. As a result, children with LAD commonly experience severe recurrent infections and exhibit notable clinical features such as delayed separation of the umbilical cord, often beyond the typical period of 1 to 2 weeks. Additionally, they may develop severe gingivitis and periodontitis due to an inability to mount an effective inflammatory response to the bacteria that typically cause these oral infections.

In contrast, hyper IgE syndrome involves elevated IgE levels and is characterized by eczema, recurrent infections, and specific types of fungal and bacterial infections, but does not typically present with delayed umbilical cord separation. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is primarily associated with eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia rather than periodontal disease or umbilical cord separation. Chronic granulomatous disease is characterized by recurrent infections particularly with catalase-positive organisms, but again does not typically lead to the combination of delayed cord separation and periodontitis. Therefore, the hallmark signs and clinical manifestations of leukocyte