What are the classic neurologic signs observed in Friedreich ataxia?

In Friedreich ataxia, the classic neurologic signs include dysarthria and ataxia, which stem from the degeneration of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, as well as damage to the cerebellum. Dysarthria refers to difficulties with speech articulation due to the impairment of the muscles involved in speaking, which can result from the coordination problems linked to cerebellar dysfunction. Ataxia, characterized by a lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, is one of the hallmark features of the disease. This ataxia primarily affects gait and balance, leading to an unsteady walking pattern.

The other options focus on symptoms not typically associated with Friedreich ataxia. Seizures and tremors are more indicative of other neurological conditions, while muscle weakness and paralysis may arise as secondary effects rather than presenting as the primary symptoms. Loss of consciousness is not characteristic of Friedreich ataxia, which primarily affects coordination and speech rather than consciousness.