What are three risk factors for hip dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia, or developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where the hip joint fails to develop properly in infants and young children. The risk factors for this condition include a combination of genetic, mechanical, and environmental influences.

The correct choice identifies three significant risk factors:

1. Firstborn Female: Research shows that firstborn children and females are at higher risk for developing hip dysplasia. This increased risk may be related to the positioning of the fetus in the womb, as firstborns often have less space.

2. Family History: A familial tendency towards hip dysplasia is well documented, indicating genetic factors play a role in the development of the hip joint. Children with a family history of hip dysplasia have a greater risk of being affected, which underlines the importance of genetic predisposition.

3. Breech Position: Babies who are in the breech position (either footling or frank breech) during the later stages of pregnancy are at increased risk of hip dysplasia. The abnormal positioning can lead to improper development of the hip joint while in utero.

These three factors collectively illustrate how genetic predispositions, as well as mechanical forces during gestation, contribute to developing hip