What condition is indicated by a neonate presenting with RR>60, cyanosis, and hypoxemia within the first 48-72 hours?

The condition indicated by a neonate presenting with a respiratory rate greater than 60 breaths per minute, along with cyanosis and hypoxemia within the first 48-72 hours of life, is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS is most commonly seen in premature infants due to a deficiency of surfactant, a substance that helps to lower surface tension in the alveoli and maintain lung function.

In RDS, the lack of surfactant leads to collapsed alveoli (atelectasis), resulting in impaired gas exchange, which can cause symptoms such as rapid breathing, cyanosis, and low oxygen saturation levels. These symptoms typically manifest within the first couple of days post-delivery, fitting the time frame given in the question.

Newborns with RDS often exhibit retractions, grunting, and may require supplemental oxygen or respiratory support to maintain adequate oxygenation. Supporting the diagnosis, premature infants are at higher risk due to their lungs not being fully developed and surfactant production being inadequate.

Other conditions, while they may present with similar respiratory distress or hypoxemia, usually have different timing, risk factors, or associated clinical features. For example, meconium aspiration typically occurs in infants who are born after a