What GI issue are premature and very low birth weight infants at increased risk for?

Premature and very low birth weight infants are at increased risk for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to several physiological factors. In these infants, the gut is often immature and has an underdeveloped immune system, making it more susceptible to injury and inflammation. NEC is characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal tissue, which can lead to severe complications.

The risk of developing NEC is influenced by factors such as feeding practices, the presence of bacteria in the intestines, and impaired blood flow to the intestines. Premature infants, particularly those born before 28 weeks of gestation or with very low birth weights (less than 1500 grams), have a higher incidence of this condition. Early exposure to enteral feeding, particularly with formula rather than breast milk, is also associated with an increased incidence of NEC.

Understanding this condition is critical for the care and management of these vulnerable infants, as timely recognition and intervention can significantly improve outcomes.