What is a common complication associated with supracondylar humeral fractures?

Supracondylar humeral fractures are particularly concerning due to their proximity to important neurovascular structures in the arm. One of the most significant complications associated with these types of fractures is Volkmann contracture, which is a condition resulting from impairment of blood flow to the forearm muscles.

When a fracture occurs in the supracondylar region, there is a risk of vascular compromise, primarily affecting the brachial artery and leading to ischemia of the forearm muscles. If blood flow is not restored quickly, this can result in irreversible muscle damage and subsequent fibrosis, causing the muscles to shorten and leading to a classic contracture deformity. The resulting impairment of function can severely limit the range of motion and strength in the affected arm.

While other complications such as nerve injuries can occur, Volkmann contracture is specifically associated with the lack of blood supply following a fracture, making it a direct consequence of the injury when severe and untreated. Thus, it is crucial to assess and manage supracondylar humeral fractures promptly to prevent this serious complication.