What is a potentially fatal complication of nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa?

Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal complication that can arise during nutritional rehabilitation for individuals with anorexia nervosa. This syndrome occurs when feeding is restarted in individuals who are malnourished or have been in a state of starvation.

When refeeding begins, carbohydrates are introduced into the diet, leading to an insulin surge. This insulin response facilitates the uptake of phosphate, potassium, and magnesium into cells, which can result in critically low serum levels of these electrolytes. Consequently, this shift can lead to severe electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular complications, respiratory failure, and even death if not properly monitored and managed.

During the initial phases of refeeding, careful monitoring of electrolytes, particularly phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, is crucial to prevent refeeding syndrome and its associated risks. Furthermore, gradual reintroduction of nutrition allows the body to adjust and helps mitigate these complications. The ability to fully understand the severe implications of refeeding syndrome is vital for healthcare providers involved in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa.