What is the most common etiology of sudden death during exertion in young individuals?

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is recognized as the most common cause of sudden death during exertion in young individuals, particularly in athletes. HOCM is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which can obstruct blood flow and lead to arrhythmias. The condition is often asymptomatic until a tragic event occurs, making it particularly dangerous.

Young athletes may not show any signs or symptoms before experiencing cardiac arrest, which frequently happens during periods of intense physical activity. The unique hemodynamic changes that occur with exercise can exacerbate the obstruction caused by the thickened heart muscle, increasing the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. This emphasizes the importance of screening and awareness for cardiac conditions in young athletes, especially since HOCM can be hereditary.

Other conditions, while they can also lead to sudden death, occur less frequently than HOCM in this specific age group. Marfan syndrome is associated with aortic dissection and other cardiovascular issues, but it is not as prevalent as HOCM in causing sudden cardiac events during exertion. Coronary artery anomalies can lead to sudden death, especially in younger populations, but again, they are not as commonly documented as HOCM. Aortic