What is the next step after diagnosing a patient with hydrocephalus?

After diagnosing a patient with hydrocephalus, obtaining a CT scan of the brain is typically the next step. A CT scan is essential in identifying the presence and extent of ventricular enlargement, which is characteristic of hydrocephalus. It allows for visualization of the brain structures in a quick and effective manner and can help to identify any possible causes of the condition, such as tumors, bleeding, or structural abnormalities. This imaging is crucial in assessing the condition to determine the appropriate management and intervention.

While an MRI could provide more detailed images of the brain structures and is useful in certain scenarios, a CT scan is generally preferred in acute settings due to its availability, speed, and effectiveness in identifying immediate concerns related to hydrocephalus. Ultrasound of the head can be useful in infants, especially when the fontanelles are open, but in older children and adults, CT or MRI is more suitable for evaluating this condition. Referral to neurosurgery is an important step but usually comes after imaging studies have guided the treatment plan.