What is the outcome of maternal estrogen affecting female newborns?

Maternal estrogen can lead to transient vaginal spotting in female newborns. This phenomenon occurs because the maternal hormones cross the placenta and influence the newborn's body, particularly during the last trimester of pregnancy. The exposure to these hormones can stimulate the development of the female genital tract and sometimes result in physiological changes, such as vaginal bleeding.

This spotting is typically self-limited and resolves on its own, reflecting the transient nature of the hormonal influence rather than indicating permanent changes to the newborn's hormonal status. Understanding that the effects are temporary is crucial in differentiating this situation from more serious complications that could arise from other causes.

In contrast, the other options suggest conditions that either imply long-term effects, severe complications, or increased susceptibility to infections, which are not characteristics associated with the normal hormonal influence from maternal estrogen during the neonatal period.