What renal condition is associated with active Hepatitis B infection in children?

Membranous nephropathy is a renal condition that can be associated with active Hepatitis B infection in children. This type of nephropathy occurs when immune complexes deposit in the kidney's glomeruli, leading to increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, which eventually results in nephrotic syndrome characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.

In the context of Hepatitis B, the virus can trigger an autoimmune response that leads to the formation of these immune complexes. In children and adolescents, active Hepatitis B infection can contribute to the development of membranous nephropathy, making it an important condition to consider in this population when signs of nephrotic syndrome arise. This association highlights the need for careful evaluation of renal function in pediatric patients with acute or chronic Hepatitis B infection to identify potential complications early on.

In contrast, the other conditions mentioned do not have a well-established link to active Hepatitis B in pediatric patients. For instance, while post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is linked to prior infections with certain strains of streptococcus, minimal change disease is typically idiopathic and not known to be associated with viral infections like Hepatitis B. Acute tubular necrosis