What vital sign change is typically observed in patients with anorexia after failure to gain weight?

In patients with anorexia, bradycardia, or a lower-than-normal heart rate, is typically observed after failure to gain weight. This physiological response is often a result of the body adapting to a state of starvation or malnutrition, leading to a decreased metabolic rate. When calorie intake is insufficient, the body conserves energy by slowing down various functions, including the heart rate.

The heart muscle may become less stimulated, which can result in bradycardia, characterized by a heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute. This can be dangerous, as extremely low heart rates may lead to decreased cardiac output and potential complications such as fainting, dizziness, or even more severe cardiac issues.

In the context of ongoing weight loss and malnutrition, the body prioritizes maintaining essential functions and can exhibit changes in vital signs such as bradycardia as it attempts to cope with the stress of inadequate nutrition. This vital sign reflects the overall physiological adaptations occurring in response to an extreme caloric deficit typical in individuals with anorexia.