Which characteristic of infants may contribute to gastroesophageal reflux?

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants is often associated with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of their bodies. One critical factor is the incomplete closure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). In infants, the LES is not fully developed, which means that it does not always maintain a strong enough barrier to keep stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus. This immaturity can lead to reflux episodes, where stomach acid and contents irritate the esophageal lining, causing discomfort and potential feeding difficulties.

This characteristic is particularly important because it highlights a common developmental stage in infants. As they grow and their digestive systems mature, the strength and function of the LES typically improve, resulting in a decrease in GER episodes. Understanding this aspect of infant physiology can help caregivers and healthcare providers manage and anticipate reflux, knowing it often resolves as the child matures.

Other options presented—such as higher body weight, increased gastric pH, and decreased saliva production—do not directly contribute to the mechanism of GER in the same significant way. While factors like body weight can influence reflux severity, they are more related to clinical symptoms rather than the underlying anatomical or physiological cause.