Which condition is associated with a decreased risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates?

Maternal diabetes is often linked with an increased risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates due to associated factors such as fetal hyperinsulinemia and alterations in pulmonary surfactant production. Chronic intrauterine stress, on the other hand, can lead to adaptations in the fetus that may actually reduce the risk of RDS.

When a fetus experiences chronic intrauterine stress, such as from placental insufficiency, it tends to mature more quickly in terms of lung development and surfactant production. This early maturation response can result in a lower incidence of RDS compared to situations where there is less stress and possibly slower maturation of pulmonary structures.

Intrauterine growth restriction and maternal hypertension can also lead to adverse effects on fetal development and increase the risk of RDS due to compromised oxygen supply or nutritional deficiencies that impair lung maturation. Therefore, the circumstances of chronic intrauterine stress can be advantageous in reducing the risk of conditions like RDS by promoting early physiological adaptations in the developing fetus.