Which laboratory findings are characteristic of anemia of prematurity?

Anemia of prematurity is a common condition seen in premature infants, who are particularly susceptible due to several factors such as underdeveloped erythropoietin production and shorter red blood cell lifespan. In this context, the laboratory findings typically identified include decreased hemoglobin (Hgb) and decreased reticulocyte count.

The decreased Hgb is indicative of anemia, which occurs because premature infants often have reduced iron stores, lower erythropoiesis (red blood cell production), and a considerable blood volume. This results in the characteristic lower levels of hemoglobin observed in these infants.

Additionally, the reticulocyte count is low in this condition as the bone marrow is not adequately responding to the anemia by producing more red blood cells. The diminished erythropoietic response can be attributed to the immature state of the infant's hematopoietic system, which cannot effectively compensate for low hemoglobin levels.

In conclusion, decreased hemoglobin alongside a low reticulocyte count are hallmark findings in anemia of prematurity, reflecting insufficient red blood cell production in response to anemia.