Which of the following conditions can cause significant proteinuria besides nephrotic syndrome?

In evaluating conditions that can cause significant proteinuria, glomerulonephritis is indeed a key condition to consider. It is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which can lead to increased permeability and consequently, significant amounts of protein in the urine. This condition is associated with a range of symptoms, including hematuria, edema, and hypertension, indicating that the kidneys are not functioning optimally.

Chronic kidney disease can also lead to proteinuria, especially in its later stages, as a result of progressively declining kidney function. As the nephrons become damaged over time, they lose their ability to filter waste products effectively, resulting in protein spilling into the urine.

Pyelonephritis, inflammation of the kidney due primarily to bacterial infection, can lead to proteinuria, but it is typically not significant compared to conditions like nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis. In the case of urinary tract infections, while they can contribute to mild proteinuria due to inflammatory processes, they usually do not result in significant protein loss.

Thus, glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease are two significant conditions, aside from nephrotic syndrome, that can lead to substantial proteinuria. Understanding these conditions and their consequences on