Which of the following conditions is treated with topical erythromycin eye drops at birth?

Topical erythromycin eye drops are routinely administered to newborns to prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis, a serious eye infection that can occur when the mother has a gonorrhea infection during labor and delivery. This condition can lead to severe complications, including corneal ulceration and potential loss of vision if not treated promptly. The use of erythromycin acts as a prophylactic measure, ensuring safety against infections that newborns may acquire during the birthing process.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis, on the other hand, is typically treated with oral or systemic antibiotics rather than solely with topical drops at birth. Viral conjunctivitis generally resolves on its own and may not require antibiotic treatment. Allergic conjunctivitis is managed with antihistamines and avoidance of allergens rather than antibiotics. Thus, administering erythromycin specifically addresses the prevention of gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborns, ensuring they are protected from this potentially detrimental infection.