Which of the following findings on cardiac x-ray suggests coarctation of the aorta?

The "3"-like appearance or rib notching on a cardiac x-ray is a classic sign of aortic coarctation. This occurs primarily due to the development of collateral circulation as a response to the increased pressure and decreased blood flow beyond the coarctation site.

In individuals with a coarctation of the aorta, the arch of the aorta may appear notched on the x-ray due to the erosion of the ribs from the collateral vessels that form to bypass the obstruction. The appearance resembles the number "3," with the indentation seen from the pressure effects accompanying the coarctation.

This finding is significant because it helps in the diagnosis of aortic coarctation in pediatric patients, especially if there are associated clinical symptoms such as differential blood pressures in the upper and lower extremities or signs of heart failure. Understanding this specific x-ray finding aids clinicians in addressing this condition promptly, as it may require surgical or interventional treatment.

In contrast, options indicating a pear-shaped heart, boot-shaped heart, or jug handle appearance are associated with other conditions and not specifically indicative of coarctation of the aorta. The boot-shaped heart, for example, is more commonly linked to tetralogy of