Which two comorbidities are most commonly associated with Tourette syndrome?

Tourette syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations known as tics, often occurs alongside other psychiatric and developmental conditions. Among these, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are the most prevalent comorbidities found in individuals with Tourette syndrome.

ADHD is frequently observed in individuals with Tourette syndrome, with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity being common. The co-occurrence is significant enough that having Tourette syndrome increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of ADHD.

OCD also shows a strong association with Tourette syndrome. Individuals with both conditions may experience intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors alongside their tics. The overlap in symptoms can complicate diagnosis and treatment, as managing both disorders simultaneously requires careful consideration of how they interact.

While other conditions like learning disabilities and anxiety disorders may be present, ADHD and OCD are specifically noted for their close relationship with Tourette syndrome, making them the most commonly reported comorbidities in this population.